Valence Là Gì

Actually, according to Wikipedia, the term valence was introduced into English and used primarily in the field of psychology as early as 1935

History of usage
The term entered English usage in psychology with the translation from German (“Valenz”) in 1935 of works of Kurt Lewin.

Valence, as used in psychology, especially in discussing emotions, means the intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) or aversiveness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation.However, the term is also used to characterize and categorize specific emotions. For example, the emotions popularly referred to as “negative”, such as anger and fear, have “negative valence”. Joy has “positive valence”. Positively valenced emotions are evoked by positively valenced events, objects, or situations. The term is also used about the hedonic tone of feelings, affect, certain behaviors (for example, approach and avoidance), goal attainment or non-attainment, and conformity with or violation of norms.

The reason why the term “valence” is used in the expectancy theory because this theory is based on three elements as explained by the author:

good efforts will lead to good performance => expectation => expectancy
good performance will produce a good outcome => good results => instrumentality
good outcome will lead to good reward => intrinsic attractiveness (positive valence) of an event, object, or situation